SN-10014 附来源、原文与上下文。
James A. Donald 写道：
James A. Donald wrote:
引用的来信James A. Donald来源 ↗那么，在竞争中落败的币怎么样了？
So what happened to the coin that lost the race?
……如果排第二的人很可能失去他的币，那就有点太苛刻了。
... it is a bit harsh if the guy who came second is likely to lose his coin.
同一笔交易出现多个双重支付版本时，有且只有一个版本会变为有效。
When there are multiple double-spent versions of the same transaction, one and only one will become valid.
收款人必须等待大约一小时，才能相信付款有效。到那时，网络会解决所有可能的双重支付竞争。
The receiver of a payment must wait an hour or so before believing that it's valid. The network will resolve any possible double-spend races by then.
收到那笔后来无效的双重支付的人，从一开始就不曾认为自己已经拿到了钱。他的软件会显示这笔交易从“未确认”变为“无效”。必要的话，界面可以隐藏交易，直到它在区块链中的深度足够。
The guy who received the double-spend that became invalid never thought he had it in the first place. His software would have shown the transaction go from "unconfirmed" to "invalid". If necessary, the UI can be made to hide transactions until they're sufficiently deep in the block chain.
引用的来信James A. Donald来源 ↗此外，你对事件的描述暗示了时间和货币生成方面的限制——整个网络生成币的速度，要比新币的消息传遍网络所需的时间慢。
Further, your description of events implies restrictions on timing and coin generation - that the entire network generates coins slowly compared to the time required for news of a new coin to flood the network
抱歉，我可能没有说清楚。区块之间的目标间隔可能会定为 10 分钟。
Sorry if I didn't make that clear. The target time between blocks will probably be 10 minutes.
每个区块都包含其创建时间。如果时间偏差超过 36 小时，其他节点就不会在它的基础上继续工作。如果最近 62430 个区块的时间跨度小于 15 天，就说明区块生成过快，工作量证明难度会加倍。所有人用相同的链数据进行相同的计算，因此都会在链上的同一位置得到相同结果。
Every block includes its creation time. If the time is off by more than 36 hours, other nodes won't work on it. If the timespan over the last 62430 blocks is less than 15 days, blocks are being generated too fast and the proof-of-work difficulty doubles. Everyone does the same calculation with the same chain data, so they all get the same result at the same link in the chain.
引用的来信James A. Donald来源 ↗我们希望付款人在支付消息传遍网络时，就能确定交易有效，而不是等到分支之间的竞争得出结果时。
We want spenders to have certainty that their transaction is valid at the time it takes a spend to flood the network, not at the time it takes for branch races to be resolved.
系统不具备即时不可撤销性，但仍然比现有系统快得多。纸质支票可能在一两周后被退票。信用卡交易可能在 60 至 180 天后被提出异议。比特币交易在一两小时内就能达到足够的不可逆程度。
Instantant non-repudiability is not a feature, but it's still much faster than existing systems. Paper cheques can bounce up to a week or two later. Credit card transactions can be contested up to 60 to 180 days later. Bitcoin transactions can be sufficiently irreversible in an hour or two.
引用的来信James A. Donald来源 ↗如果一个节点忽略了所有它不关心的支付，它也不会受到任何不利影响。
If one node is ignoring all spends that it does not care about, it suffers no adverse consequences.
借助我最近发布的基于手续费的激励系统，节点就有动力纳入收到的所有付费交易。
With the transaction fee based incentive system I recently posted, nodes would have an incentive to include all the paying transactions they receive.
Satoshi Nakamoto
Satoshi Nakamoto
