P2P Foundation

Bitcoin open source implementation of P2P currency

中本聪 · 2009 年 2 月 18 日

SN-0007 已核对来源,附原文与上下文。

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它是一个全球性的分布式数据库。参与者共同遵守一套规则,只有得到多数人认可,才能向数据库添加记录:

  • 任何人找到生成区块所需的工作证明,就能获得一些新比特币
  • 工作证明难度每两周调整一次,目标是让全网平均每小时生成 6 个区块
  • 每个区块的比特币奖励每 4 年减半

可以说,新币由多数参与者共同发行,总量有限,而且早已预先确定。

比如有 1000 个节点,而每小时只有 6 个节点能获得比特币,那么你很可能要等一个星期才会有收获。

关于 Sepp 的问题:确实没有任何机构像中央银行或美联储那样,随着用户增长去调节货币供应。因为这需要由一个可信方决定币值,而我不知道有什么办法能让软件了解现实世界中事物的价值。如果真有一种聪明的办法,或者我们愿意信任某个人主动管理货币供应、让它与某种东西挂钩,那么这些规则当然也可以写进程序。

从这个角度看,它更像贵金属。供应量不会为了稳定币值而变化,而是预先确定;价格则由市场决定。随着用户增加,每个比特币的价值会上升。这可能形成正反馈:用户增加,价值上涨,又吸引更多用户参与并分享升值。

It is a global distributed database, with additions to the database by consent of the majority, based on a set of rules they follow:

  • Whenever someone finds proof-of-work to generate a block, they get some new coins
  • The proof-of-work difficulty is adjusted every two weeks to target an average of 6 blocks per hour (for the whole network)
  • The coins given per block is cut in half every 4 years

You could say coins are issued by the majority. They are issued in a limited, predetermined amount.

As an example, if there are 1000 nodes, and 6 get coins each hour, it would likely take a week before you get anything.

To Sepp's question, indeed there is nobody to act as central bank or federal reserve to adjust the money supply as the population of users grows. That would have required a trusted party to determine the value, because I don't know a way for software to know the real world value of things. If there was some clever way, or if we wanted to trust someone to actively manage the money supply to peg it to something, the rules could have been programmed for that.

In this sense, it's more typical of a precious metal. Instead of the supply changing to keep the value the same, the supply is predetermined and the value changes. As the number of users grows, the value per coin increases. It has the potential for a positive feedback loop; as users increase, the value goes up, which could attract more users to take advantage of the increasing value.

来源
P2P Foundation 原始链接 ↗ 记录编号 SN-0007

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