托管

中本聪SN-2171

下面概述一种可以通过软件实现的托管交易。这还没有实现,我近期多半也没时间实现,只是先让大家了解有哪些可能。

Here's an outline of the kind of escrow transaction that's possible in software. This is not implemented and I probably won't have time to implement it soon, but just to let you know what's possible.

基本托管:买方把一笔付款存入托管。卖方收到一笔资金处于托管状态的交易,但在买方解锁之前他不能花。买方可以在那之后的任何时间放款,也可以永远不放。这不允许买方把钱拿回去,但确实给了他一个选项:出于怨恨永远不放行,把钱烧掉。卖方则可以把钱退回给买方。

The basic escrow: The buyer commits a payment to escrow. The seller receives a transaction with the money in escrow, but he can't spend it until the buyer unlocks it. The buyer can release the payment at any time after that, which could be never. This does not allow the buyer to take the money back, but it does give him the option to burn the money out of spite by never releasing it. The seller has the option to release the money back to the buyer.

这个系统虽然不保证双方免于损失,但它让作弊变得无利可图。

While this system does not guarantee the parties against loss, it takes the profit out of cheating.

如果卖方不发货,他就拿不到钱。买方的钱还是打了水漂,但至少卖方没有骗人的金钱动机。

If the seller doesn't send the goods, he doesn't get paid. The buyer would still be out the money, but at least the seller has no monetary motivation to stiff him.

买方无法靠不付款获益。他拿不回托管的钱。他不可能因资金不足而付不了款。卖方可以看到资金已锁定到自己的密钥上、不能发给别人。

The buyer can't benefit by failing to pay. He can't get the escrow money back. He can't fail to pay due to lack of funds. The seller can see that the funds are committed to his key and can't be sent to anyone else.

当然,经济学家会说,一个欺诈卖方可以开始讨价还价,比如「你放款,我分你一半」,但到了那一步,信任荡然无存、怨气冲天,谈判不太可能发生。一个已经在违背诺言偷钱的骗子,凭什么会守约分你一半?我想,如果金额不大,几乎所有人都会基于原则拒绝。

Now, an economist would say that a fraudulent seller could start negotiating, such as "release the money and I'll give you half of it back", but at that point, there would be so little trust and so much spite that negotiation is unlikely. Why on earth would the fraudster keep his word and send you half if he's already breaking his word to steal it? I think for modest amounts, almost everyone would refuse on principle alone.

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Escrow

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